U.S. stocks churned lower on Thursday, led to the downside by tech sector, as action in the energy and bond markets slowed and investors monitored the war in Ukraine.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed down 96.69 points, or 0.29%, to close at 33,794.66 after being positive for much of the session. The S&P 500 slipped 0.53% to 4,363.49. The Nasdaq Composite dropped 1.56% to 13,537.94.

Software was a weak spot for the market, with Okta and Snowflake tumbling 8% and 15%, respectively, after their quarterly reports. Salesforce and Adobe each shed more than 2%. Tesla dropped 4.6%, while Amazon lost 2.7%.

Defensive plays such as health care and utility stocks outperformed. Duke Energy climbed 1.8% and Amgen rose 1.7%. Walmart gained more than 2%.

The moves come after a volatile start to the week, with markets seeing sharp reversals in some areas day to day. Stocks, and the tech sector in particular, have been in a downtrend in recent months.

Some on Wall Street are arguing that the market is close to or has already found its bottom for the year. On Thursday, strategists at Citi upgraded their view on U.S. stocks and the global IT sector.

"Despite the difficult events in Ukraine, global equities have been fairly robust. Losses have been concentrated in stocks with direct Russia exposure and Financials. We still want to buy the dips, and highlight that global equities have ended 10-20% higher after previous geopolitical crises," Citi strategist Robert Buckland said in a note to clients.

Others, however, warn that it could be a bumpy year ahead as the market navigates expected rate hikes and policy tightening from the Federal Reserve.

"Markets have been resilient. How long will that last? It's getting weaker and it's getting weaker because the Fed is not injecting liquidity starting from this month," Allianz chief economic advisor Mohamed El-Erian said on "Squawk Box." "So I expect the strong technicals that have seen us through one shock after the other will get a lot weaker this year, and that means more volatile markets and that also means there's going to be more pressure on markets."

Stocks traded in a slightly tighter range on Thursday, helped by some cooling off in other markets.

Energy prices moved higher overnight but eased on Thursday morning, with futures for U.S. benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude trading below $110 per barrel. The yield on the benchmark U.S. 10-year Treasury nudged lower Thursday to about 1.85%, after having its biggest one-day jump since 2020 during the previous session.

Investors continued to watch the situation in Ukraine, where fighting entered its second week. Ukrainians maintained the capital city of Kyiv, while heavy shelling hit Maripol and Kharkiv.

Russian and Ukrainian officials were holding another round of negotiations in Belarus. The U.S. announced another round of sanctions on Russian financial elites.

"The situation is very fluid on the ground in Ukraine. ... We don't know where the ultimate bottom in the market may be, but we continue to believe the U.S. economy will have above-average growth this year," said Scott Wren, senior global market strategist at Wells Fargo Investment Institute.

Traders also monitored comments from Federal Reserve officials, including Fed Chairman Jerome Powell's testimony to the Senate Banking Committee for his second day of Congressional testimony this week. Cleveland Fed President Loretta Mester said Thursday that the war in Ukraine intensified the need for the Fed to raise rates.

Powell said on Wednesday that he was inclined toward a 25-basis point hike in March but was open to more aggressive moves down the line. He reiterated on Thursday that it was "too early to say" how the war in Ukraine would impact the Fed's next steps.

"I think we need to move carefully, but we certainly think it's appropriate for us to go ahead with our plan and also our plan to shrink the balance sheet, but just knowing we do not want to add to uncertainty," Powell said Thursday.

Retail earnings drove large single-stock moves on Thursday. Shares of Best Buy rose more than 9% after the retailer met earnings expectations and hiked its dividend, and Kroger climbed 11.6% after beating estimates on the top and bottom lines.

However, BJ's Wholesale and Burlington Stores each sank about 13% after their earnings reports.

On the economic front, jobless claims for last week came in at 215,000. That was lower than the 225,000 expected by economists, according to Dow Jones. The reading comes ahead of February's highly-anticipated jobs report, which will be released Friday.

Overseas, European markets closed down 2%. The U.S-traded VanEck Russia ETF dropped another 19% on Thursday.